Ballet Don Quixote Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ballet Don Quixote - Essay Example Th first Russin production ws producd by Chrls Didlot in two cts in St Ptrsburg in 1808, nd in 1809 vrsion ws mountd in nglnd by Jms Hrvy D'gvill. Pul Tglioni (brothr of bllrin Mri Tglioni) prsntd vrsion in Brlin in 1839 nd his uncl Slvtor Tglioni st production t th Ttro Rgio, Turin during th 1843/44 sson. lthough ll ths rly bllt vrsions of th story wr bsd on th first pisods of Crvnts story thy vrid grtly in styl nd th mtril thy chos to includ. Th first tim tht th mor comic pisods, tht rvolvd round Quitri (Kitri), Bsilio nd Cmcho (Gmch) wr usd succssfully ws in th Pris Opr production of 1801 with chorogrphy by Louis Milon. It ws titld Ls Nocs d Gmch. Th rol of Bsilio ws dncd by ugust Vstris. Th librtto tht ws followd by ugust Bournonvill in 1837 for his 3 ct Don Quixot t Cmcho's Wdding in Copnhgn for this production bcm populr nd it ws chorogrphd to mlng of music by Giocchino Rossini, tinn Mhul, Gspr Spontini, Jn Schnitzhoffr nd mor, rrngd by Otto Zinck. Milon's librtto ws lso usd by Brnrdo Vstris for his 1844/45 production t L Scl, but most notbly it ws th inspirtion for Mrius Ptip's vrsion for th Bolshoi Thtr in 1869. Ptip's vrsion of Don Quixot, to th music of Minkus who ws commissiond to writ dditionl music for nw fifth ct consisting of thr scns into which th court of Duk nd Duchss ws introducd ws to bcom th stndrd bllt vrsion of th tl. Ltr on Don Quixot ws introducd in Moscow, nd this xplins lot. Th 19th cntury critics lvishd pris on th prmir, clling th nw bllt " vision of rsplndnc, splndor nd luxury throughout" - in thtricl crnivl ur, torrid Spnish moods, pripthis of plot nd crtinly, th flming dncs, by which Ptip in th brk of his crr clbrts victory ovr his jlous comptitors. In 1900 th bllt xprincs rnissnc whn lxndr Gorsky crts his own vrsion for th Mriinsky Thtr in St Ptrsburg. Th honstly positiv plot of Lo Minkus' bllt Don Quixot in 1869 is difficult to compr with Crvnts' novl, which cn b clld th grtst stir on humn nthusism. Th chrctrs of th sddst of th knights nd his fithful squir r dpictd in too gnrl stroks. Both bllt composrs - th chif Kpllmistr of th Moscow Bolshoi Thtr, th outstnding violinist nd uthor of 16 bllts Lo Minkus nd th Chif of th Impril bllt, n dvnturr nd wndrr, th lgndry chorogrphr Mrius Ptip - vn did not try to sk sthticlly idlistic dpth in Crvnts' litrry work. Thir prtnrship is missing logicl progrss of plot. Th succss nd nduring ttrction of th bllt Don Quixot lis in th lmnt of dnc. dnc phrs cn somtims ovrlp its ssocitd music. " Sinc thn, Don Quixot hs continud to b forgd in mny chorogrphic nd musicl vrsions. Th Octobr Rvolution of 1917 incrsd trror nd slughtrs cross Russi. In its wk, Nichols Srgyv fld to th Wst. H could only tk wht ws ssntil: food, clothing nd th chorogrphy to th clssic bllts. fw yrs ltr, thnks to Srgyv, Wstrn udincs got s th full lngth vrsion of Don Quixot for th first tim. It ws not wht thy xpctd. Th Spnish pnch nd fir is no doubt wht involvd chorogrphr Mrius Ptip to th proprty in th first plc. nd it's ttrctd just bout vry dncr sinc. Ordinrily, this typ of dncing isn't tht much of posr for dncr - but in Don Quixot, thr's n ddd twist. Ptip's chorogrphy isn't ntirly fithful to th idiom. It's mor lik 'brokn Spnish.' Ptip's bility

Military Discipline Essay Example for Free

Military Discipline Essay Bring out uniformity in cooperating for the attainment of a common goal. This uniformity is obtained when an individual understands how to fit into an organization as a whole. To understand one another through the sharing of common goals. To ensure effectively of a group not only for specified purposes but also for emergencies. To install responses automatically without panic in an emergency. D. Principles of Effective Discipline Men fell wore secure if they knew that reward and punishment come to them because of behavior and not because of an officers word, mood or preference. An officer must be loyal to his men and worthy, takes an interest in them and makes sure they are granted rights and privileges. An officer commands publicly and reproves and reprimand privately. He gains the confidence of his men and is worthy of it. An officer/leader must set an example. E. Military Courtesy it is the accepted form of politeness in the military service. The foremost of this special form of courtesy is the salute. It is the expression or manifestation of consideration for others. F. Whom to Salute Commissioned officers of the AFP, National Flag, Colors, and standard not cased. Officers of foreign Armed Forces whose government is recognized by the republic of the Philippines. All civilians who are entitled by the custom to the salute. G. Proper Manner of Saluting Except when walking one should always be at attention when saluting. The right hand is raised smartly until the tip of the forefinger touches the lower part of the headgear or forehead and slightly to the right eye. Thumb and finger are extended and joined. The palm is turned slightly in front of the body. The forearm is inclined at 45 degrees angle and the hand and wrist are in straight line. The first position of the hand salute or the nearest point of approach is more or less six paces. The first position of the salute should be held until the person saluted to have passed or the salute is returned. The hand salute under the naval custom is accompanied by a word of greeting such as good morning, Sir/Maam depending on the time of day. Naval custom permits saluting with left hand when a salute cannot be rendered by the right hand. H. Major Fault in Saluting Bowing the head as the salute is given. Dropping the hand salute before it has been returned. Holding the hand awkwardly high or letting it sag too low. Saluting while on the double time. Avoiding the gaze of the person saluted to. Saluting with a pipe, cigar, or cigarette in the mouth or in hand. I. Honors to the Colors and Anthem Whenever the National Anthem is played and you are not on formation and not in a vehicle, come to attention and at the first note, face the flag and render the prescribed salute. If no flag is nearer, face the music and salute. Vehicles in motion are brought to halt. Troop formations, riding in vehicles do not disembark. If outdoors and uncovered, attend at attention and face the flag. If indoor, officers and enlisted men will stand at attention. The passing of being passed by an uncased color, which is being paraded, presented or in its own formal display, a salute at six paces before and until it has passed you. In uncovered, stand at attention when passing by uncased color. The marks of respect above are also rendered to the national anthem of any friendly country when played upon an official occasion. Discipline 1. Training to act in accordance with rules; drill. 2. Activity, exercise, or a regimen that develops or improves a skill; training 3. Punishment inflicted by way of correction and training. 4. The rigor or training effect of experience, adversity 5. Behavior in accord with rules of conduct; behavior and order maintained by training and control

The Power of Baseball and Role Models in Latin America Essay -- Sociol

The Power of Baseball and Role Models in Latin America In many countries around the world, the socioeconomic problem is so bad that they are granted the title of a Third World country. Countries that are not quite as bad, such as most Latin American countries like Cuba, the Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico, often have trouble, on a smaller level, of creating jobs and job security for its people to inspire work ethic and incentive to raise the socioeconomic bar that has been set below average. Sometimes, all it takes is a role model; a person who is from that respective country who has made a name for themself of continental proportion to inspire the rest of the country to fight against the low standard that has been acquired. This paper will discuss how in Latin America, the people of these countries have found hope and incentive to work through the hardship and hard work of certain professional baseball players that had either defected or were lucky enough to work their way into the American professional baseball system. Because these players have struck gold on such an enormous level, a global level, they have given the poorer and disadvantaged people of their country a reason to fight to make their situation better. These players have given back considerably to their communities and their countries which makes them the role models they are today. Puerto Rico â€Å"Puerto Rico is a self-governing commonwealth of the United States and is not subject to the imposition of tax levies by the continental United States except for Social Security, workman’s compensation and several additional labor benefits† (Sennholz). So, the apparent question is, why is Puerto Rico such a poor country? To be perfectly honest, their lack of... ...it to the U.S. and pursue a career in baseball and then even further on to jobs that even entail coaching and managing, are the kind of role models who stand out in these Latin American countries and are the reason baseball is continually embraced there today. These role models send the right message back home and have and will continue to be role models to not only their home country, but to many others throughout the world for their dedication, hard work, and perseverance. Works Cited Ender, Eric. â€Å"Cuban Baseball: The Road to the Majors,† www.espn.com. 2 Feb. 2000. Accessed site: 30 May 2003. Paese, Gabriella. â€Å"Injuries Sideline 5 Puerto Ricans in the Major Leagues,† Puerto Rican Herald. 19 Apr. 2002. Accessed site: 1 June 2003. Sennholz, Hanz. â€Å"El Pasatiempo Nacional,† www.puertoricobaseball.com/baseballnotes/. 3 July 2001. Accessed site: 2 June 2003.

Behaviorism, Cognitivism and Considerativism

My observation from the classroom demonstrated that true different learning theories we had in this three session such as behaviorism, cognitivism and considerativism all of them include strengths and weaknesses. I tried to explain my perception through this schools of thoughts.BehaviorismIt focuses on two key factors stimulus and respons and disregards mental activities. Povlov, Watson, Thorndik and Skinner were the famous psychologists who widely promoted this theory. In classical conditioning a stimulus presented in order to get a response but in operant conditioning the response is made first then reinforcement follows. A noticeable weakness that I find in this method is that it can't explain the recognition of new language patterns by children for which there has been no reinforcement mechanisms for example in Persian we have â€Å"koshtondam or pazondam†. It neglects the consideration of genetics, heredity and personal perception. In order to control the class in this way teachers must apply positive and negative reinforcements to change students behavior and discourage disruptive behaviors.CognitivismIn cognitive theory the most important thing is internal mental process of the learner during the learning process. Against behaviorists that consider learning as a passive activity in this theory the role of learners is active and seeking meaning. J. piaget and L. vegotsky improved this theory. In this method teacher must create learning environment active and allowing students to apply previous knowledge.ConstructivismIn this theory learning is simply the process of adjusting our mental models accommodate new experiences in other word all new information linked to prior knowledge. The learners start with a complax problem and workout to discover the basic skills required to solve the problem. The role of instructors changes from teache r to facilitators. In this method theorists try to eliminate grades and testing. Teachers must provide engaging opportunities for students to make sense of the information via hand-on activities and discussions.Conclusion:There is no single best theory and each theory gas different aspect of teaching/learning process.

Adulthood and aging

In this paper, adulthood and aging are shown from different sides: first, the major values for the elderly such as relationships, spirituality and quality of life are discussed; second, the cultural views towards aging in the United States and Asia are given.The cultural differences in views towards elderly in Asia are shown on example of Japan, as one of the most developed and civilized countries of Asia. The importance of the subject is emphasized by the overview of recent studies on various aspects of aging published in psychological journals. The aged population has been long in focus of different researches: psychological, social, economic et cetera.The fact that aging population has been steadily increasing is widely recognized and proved by statistic researches. Hence, the interest towards aging and its problems.Aging takes different shapes in different countries. Therefore, many studies are particularly interested in aging in different regions of the world. Cross-cultural asp ects of aging present interest for multinational societies, such as American society. This paper discusses many of these issues. Adulthood and AgingLater life is viewed as occurring from about age 70 to 75 years and upwards; further distinctions are sometimes made between the ‘young old’ and the ‘old-old’ i.e., adults in the age period of about 70–84 and adults aged about 85 years and over. Chronological age is an important social and personal marker of identity, behavior, expectations, experiences, and preferences.Adults in their seventies, for example, often score lower than their younger counterparts on measures of negative affect including worry and anxiety (Gems, 2003); older adults can also score more highly than younger adults on measures of agreeableness and consciousness (Thane, 2003).Similarly, adults in mid- and later life are more likely to be generative than their younger counterparts; in fact although younger people can be altruistic th ey cannot be generative as it is only with experience and time that this vital role of teaching, guiding and supporting others can occur.Older adults are not necessarily a unique group of adults qualitatively different from other age groups; this is because many of the issues often associated with later life are issues pertinent at any age throughout the life-course, for example, the need to maintain a balance between autonomy and dependence, and the need for secure, warm and accepting relationships with others.Furthermore, although old age is noted as a time for increasing losses and constraints on development, losses and challenges occur throughout the life-course and not just in later life. (Thane, 2003)As social beings, most adults need to be in close relationships with other people, for enjoyment, for meaning and purpose in life, and also as a means of learning more about ourselves and the world within which we live. Warm and close relationships with other people have also been described as being a healthy necessity from ‘the cradle to the grave’ (Blundo R. & Deborah E. Bowen, 2005).Relationships, are very important for our health and well-being particularly reciprocal relationships, which also serve a protective function such as relationships with a spouse or equivalent figure. In addition, it is often within close relationships that we offer and receive support, particularly at times when the risk of threat to the actual or representational self is higher, for example when taking on new projects or goals.Relationships with close others can also be a significant source of pleasure, enjoyment, and meaning for adults.Most older adults need and enjoy relationships with younger generations; so too do communities need relationships with older adults. This point is made strongly by Jackson J. (2002) who draws on ethnographic, cross-cultural, and anthropological data to argue that as a consequence of maturation and experience older adults have thei r own unique strengths and talents that can and should be used in the social context, and particularly in helping, supporting, and teaching the next generation.Jackson takes this perspective, particularly in light of the ‘parental emergency’ (p. 825), in other words, the difficulties and problems involved in raising emotionally healthy children without the support of the extended family and friends.In later life, however, relationships with other people can be lost, constrained or the quality of relationships impaired. In later life, for example, adult children may divorce and separate so that older people may lose generative links with younger family members. Similarly, into the latter half of the life cycle adults are more likely to experience the loss of parents, spouses, and/or the loss of other close attachment relationships through bereavements.Also, personal work roles that the individual had and enjoyed may no longer be salient or relevant such as when children are grown up and leave home. Furthermore, given compulsory retirement, the friends and acquaintances that one had through the work role may have to be surrendered.Although adults can experience significant losses and constraints in their relationships with others, these can be a consequence of the interactions and expectations of others, rather than being intrinsic to the aging process. Society may not always be supportive of the needs of its older members.For example, society can impose constraints on relationships into later life in terms of expectations for relinquishing the work role or even about the aptness of certain sexual relationships.This is particularly the case given the potential for ageism within which older adults can be disadvantaged with subsequent loss of health or even loss of life itself, for example, when older adults are denied health treatment or counseling because of the negative views health professionals can have of older people.Evidence examining the ways in which older adults are viewed by society is mixed. Some researchers have found that many older people are viewed in very negative ways (Steuerle, 2001).In contrast, other researchers have found that the results of studies on attitudes to older adults are influenced by the specific attributes being assessed. Dooley E. (2003) for example asked a group of undergraduates (aged 17–24) to rate their attitudes towards young, mid-life, and older adults across cognitive (intellectual abilities or information processing), personal-expressive (personality or interpersonal attributes), and physical attributes relating to physical health, behavior, or movement.Results indicated that attitudes towards the physical attributes of older adults were more negative by comparison with young and mid-life adults. In contrast, no significant difference was found for personal-expressive attributes, but there was a main effect for age on cognitive attributes.A post hoc test indicated that the atti tudes of participants towards midlife adults were significantly more positive than were those for younger adults (mean −0.48) or for older adults (mean −.027). Although these insights are useful, this study was carried out using undergraduate students as participants, thus making generalisability difficult. Researchers in this field should attempt to replicate the above study with other participant groups.Some social losses and threats that assume crises in mid- and later life (e.g., ‘empty nest syndrome’) have little empirical evidence to support them (Feldstein B. & Jeffrey B. Liebman, 2003). A contrasting view is that there are challenges associated with each age period around which adults must adapt. This contrasting view does not remove the reality of social stressors, but instead, recognizes that these occur throughout the life course, and not just old age.Studies have shown that the quality of social networks of older people have many similarities to those of younger age groups, but that the number of contacts within the networks are fewer for the old. Socioemotional selectivity theory (Feldstein B. & Jeffrey B. Liebman, 2003) attempts to describe the functional declines in social contact throughout adulthood.This theory describes the practical aspects of social interactions to include information acquisition, identity maintenance, and emotion regulation. The essential premise of the theory is that the relative important of those goals changes as a function of perceived time, and that these goals influence and explain declines in social contact across adulthood.When time is perceived as being largely open-ended, future-orientated goals such an information acquisition are of paramount importance. However, when time is perceived as being limited, present-orientated goals such as emotional goals, are rated as being most important. Consequently, adults into later years are seen as actively preferring certain types of social contact (e.g., emotionally satisfying contact) over others such as information gathering.There are substantial differences in adults’ preferences for social activities and social contacts, however, and some of these differences can be explained by gender, ethnicity, and physical health. It is well known that women typically have more social contact than do men, especially more intimate friends or confidants.Confidants are typically women, in part given the difference in mean ages between the sexes. Age differences between the sexes in western countries is around five years, but in some countries the difference is larger, such as Finland, where the difference is eight years.This means that older women often live alone, whereas older men are married. It also means that women are more likely to be caregivers by comparison with their male counterparts. Health is another significant factor explaining reductions in social activity in later years.The patterns of not initiating new contacts with non-familial persons is clearly visible in nursing homes and other institutions. There can be a significant risk involved in contact seeking in old age; conversations can become difficult for example if others have sensory difficulties, particularly hearing loss.To summarize, relationships in later years can be an intense source of both pleasure and distress. Relationships with others can be a significant source of enjoyment and meaning in life. Relationships with others are also crucial not only for the well-being of individuals but also of whole communities given that society is often dependent on the experience and expertise that older adults develop over many decades of life.However, in later life as throughout life, the relationships and social roles that adults have with others can be compromised, constrained, or even lost. These losses can arise through bereavement or because society does not always provide its older members with adequate support and resources.Understand ing the ways adults evaluate and regulate changes in relationships is likely to be crucial if health professionals are to help facilitate better health and well-being for more people for longer into the latter part of the life cycle.Future research in this area should be carried out to refine and clarify the nature of relationships across adulthood, and the impact that social motives and other factors might play in influencing the quality and nature of relationships. Future research is also needed to explore and examine the positive qualities within close family relationships, particularly between parents and their adult children, and siblings who have shared experiences over many decades of life.Japan is much more densely populated than the United States but not much more so than Great Britain. Japan is clearly one of the most industrialized nations in the world with a higher proportion of its gross national product from manufacturing than the United States, Great Britain, or Denma rk.Its total gross national product is second only to the United States; its per capita income, however, is lower than the three comparison countries. It has a higher rate of natural increase and a lower percentage aged 65 and over than the comparison countries, but recent decreases in birth and death rates are expected to rapidly increase the percentage aged 65 and over. (Bernier, 2003)The Japanese are relatively homogeneous racially and ethnically which may facilitate the integration of the aged. Some social-psychological traits relevant to this analysis are: strong national pride, concern with politeness and deference toward superiors, a dominant aesthetic sense, and a more casual attitude toward time.Transportation is less of a problem for the aged in Japan because of the many neighborhood shops and the elaborate system of public transportation.The tradition of respect for the aged has strong roots both in the vertical social system and in the unconditional duty of filial piety, which derives from the fundamental Japanese religion, ancestor worship.Thus, the ecology and economic system of Japan are similar to that of western industrialized nations, but her social system and culture have distinctive elements that have helped maintain the relatively high status and integration of older Japanese.The health status of Japanese elders has been improving with better nutrition, sanitation, and medical care so that they are now about as healthy as the aged in other modern countries.The Japanese elders are much more integrated in their families as shown by their living arrangements and functions in the household. Furthermore, there has been little decline in proportions living with their children so that over two-thirds will probably continue to live with their children during the foreseeable future.The employment status of the elders is much higher than in other industrialized countries: over half the older men continue to be employed. Most of those who stop work, do so for voluntary and health reasons rather than being forced to stop by compulsory retirement or other discrimination against the aged.The trends indicate little decline in employment status. Those who are not employed do tend to have relatively low independent incomes, but pensions and retirement benefits are rapidly improving, and the system of family support usually assures at least the minimum necessities of life. (Katsumata, 2001)The main explanation for their relatively high status and integration is the tradition of respect for elders that has its roots in the vertical society and in religious doctrines of filial piety.Respect and affection for the elders are shown on a daily basis by honorific language; bowing; priority for the elders in seating, serving, bathing, and going through doors. It is also reflected in popular sayings, special celebrations of the sixty-first birthday, the national observance of Respect for Elders Day, and the National Law for Welfare of the Aged .We therefore conclude that the theory of marked decline in the status of the aged as a necessary result of industrialization is false. On the contrary, Japan shows that a tradition of respect for the aged can maintain their relatively high status and integration despite industrialization.In Western countries, including the USA, the attitude towards elderly is far less respectful and the connection with younger generations is often lost. However, high income, pensions and a highly developed social care system help American elderly to live their later life with comfort. Japanese elderly often depend on their younger generation in economic terms. The conclusion we make is that both financial matters and social relationship factors are important for aging people.